Interest Rates and Universal Life Insurance

Evan Davis

Universal life insurance policies provide a flexible insurance solution for those seeking the protection of death benefits. The insured can flex the policys premiums and benefits during the life of the policy while the policy creates a residual cash value. This allows one to adjust the nature of their life insurance so that it remains consistent with their actual needs.

Whole life insurance policies offer insured parties a guaranteed interest rate on the cash value of the policy. Universal life policies do this as well. For instance, a universal life policy may guarantee a minimum interest rate on the account of X percent. That percentage will be paid regardless of what happens to the insurance companies actual earnings. However, if the insurance company is able to invest premiums in a way that allows them to exceed the X percent rate of growth, they credit the policy of the insured at the higher rate.

This seems like an absolutely winning situation for holders of universal life policies. After all, they are guaranteed a minimum rate of return on the policys cash value and may actually earn in excess of that rate, allowing them to pay less in premiums for the same level of life insurance coverage.

This feature of universal life insurance policies has contributed significantly to their popularity. However, despite the minimum guaranteed rate of return, interest rate levels can still impact universal life insurance policies detrimentally, making it necessary for consumers to consider all possibilities when evaluating universal products.

Although the insured is guaranteed a minimum rate of increase to the policys cash value, this perk is somewhat meaningless if an insurance companys assumptions regarding interest rate behavior are proven to be wrong. All universal life policies are written with assumptions regarding the nature of interest rates in mind. If the company is unable to invest at a level producing the anticipated return, premium costs are forced upward to compensate for the shortfall.

This can result in policyholders being forced into premiums they may not be able to afford. This phenomenon is occurring today for those who bought universal life insurance when interest rates were in double digits. Insurance companies based their universal life insurance policies on the assumption that higher interest rates would continue for some time. This has not been the case, and many insured parties have found themselves paying higher and higher premiums in order to maintain their life insurance. For some, these premium increases are unmanageable, forcing them to cancel their policies completely.

Obviously, the risk of interest rate fluctuations makes universal life insurance less predictable than whole life insurance coverage. However, this unpredictability is not necessarily a reason to avoid universal life. If one is cognizant of the risk of premium price upswing if earnings fail to meet predictions and is prepared to pay the increased premiums in such situations, universal life remains very effective.

This is especially true in light of the fact that the alternative would be to simply buy a whole life insurance policy, which would likely require higher premiums payments right away and with no opportunity for relief at any point during the life of the policy.

Universal life advocates argue that the possibility for cheaper premiums when investment out performs or meets projections makes it a more sensible alternative than agreeing to higher premium payments through the entirety of a policy (whole life).

Whole life advocates maintain that the unpredictability of the markets and of interest rates makes universal life insurance products too unpredictable.

In the final analysis, universal life insurance products seem like a winning solution for those who understand and are able to handle fluctuations in the required premium. If one necessitates complete predictability and is able to overlook the possibility of a cheaper premium over the course of the policy, they may decide that a whole life package makes more sense for them than universal life insurance.